Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics and Quantum Dots (15466-01)
Fall semester 2007
Prof. Dr. Dominik Zumbühl,
Thursdays, 8-10am, NCCR room, 2nd floor, Dept. of Physics
[Content of this page]
organization of lecture
schedule and content
projects and presentations
literature
last updated dec 4, 2007
previous semesters courses:
Spring 2006: Intro to Meso Physics and Quantum Dots (web page)
Winter 2006/7: Intro to Meso Physics and Quantum Dots (web page)
Organization of Lecture, HS 07
weekly lectures Thursdays, 8-10am, NCCR room, 2nd floor, Dept. of Physics.
syllabus 2D electron gas, quantum point contacts, quantum dots, conductance fluctuations, quantum phase coherence, Coulomb blockade, Kondo effect, few electron dots, spin blockade, spin relaxation, charge sensing, single spin measurement, spin manipulation and coherence, nuclear spins, electron spin resonance, spin qubits, quantum computation. syllabus pdf
for: 6. semester bachelor and masters students in nanoscience and physics. physics III lecture is a prerequisite
2 credit points this lecture is a two hours per week course, no problem sets, final presentation, pass/fail.
purpose of this lecture is to bring the audience up to date on current experimental research in the field of quantum transport through nanostructures, focusing mainly on quantum dots in GaAs, spin-quibts in coupled dots and quantum computation. The lecture will inevitably discuss some simple condensed matter theory but will mainly focus on experiments.
structure will be a combination of lectures on my part to intruduce the basics and subsequent presentations done by students towards the end of the semester on topics that can be chosen by students from a selection. There will be no problem sets, but moderate amounts of reading as preparation for lectures will be assigned. The class is pass/fail, and the evaluation will be based on the presentation given by each student taking the class for credit. Sit-ins/students auditing the class (not for credit) are welcome.
Lecture Schedule and Content, HS 2007
| date | lecture content |
|---|---|
| sep 19, wed, 9:15am | preliminary meeting, flier pdf, syllabus pdf |
| sep 27, thur, 8:15am | solid state physics background crystals, bands, effective mass approximation, spin-orbit coupling, GaAs conduction and valence bands, density of states, occupation of bands, intrinsic carrier concentration, semiconductor doping |
| oct 4 | semiconductor surfaces and interfaces surface states, semiconductor-vacuum interface, band bending, Fermi level pinning, Schottky barrier and diode lecture notes pdf |
| oct 11 | no class! |
| oct 18 | 2D electron gases (GaAs) properties of 2DEGs, scattering mechanisms in 2DEGs and bulk GaAs, screening in 2D and 3D, Friedel Oscillations, ohmic contacts to 2DEGs, lateral gating and nanoscale devices lecture notes pdf quantum point contacts van Wees et al., PRL60, 848 (1988) pdf van Wees et al., PRB38, 3625 (1988) pdf |
| oct 25 | experimental techniques sample fabrication, low temperature methods (chapter 4, Heinzel), properties of 3He and 4He and phase diagrams, cryostats, evaporative cooling, 4He and 3He fridges, 3He-4He mixtures, dilution refrigeration lecture slides pdf |
| nov 1 | concepts in mesoscopic physics Drude conductivity, Einstein relation, mesoscopic time and length scales, lecture notes chapter 3 pdf Cronenwett et al., PRL88, 226805 (2002) pdf |
| nov 8 | concepts in mesoscopic physics classical Hall effect, (integer) quantum Hall effect, 1D subbands, quantum point contacts, 0.7 structure lecture slides pdf |
| nov 15 | quantum dots I: Introduction types of quantum dots, open and closed dot regimes, Coulomb blockade and diamonds, quantum confinement energy, constant interaction model, ground state and excited state spectroscopy, sequential and cotunneling transport, Coulomb peak lineshapes lecture notes pdf articles: Kouwenhoven et al., dot review article, pp 1-28 pdf van Houten et al., CB review, NATO ASI, pp 1-15 pdf Foxman et al., PRB47, 10020 (1993) pdf Foxman et al., PRB50, 14193 (1994) pdf quantum dots II: Open Dots open dot regime, conductance fluctuations, weak localization, phase coherence, lecture notes pdf literature: A. Huibers, Ph. D. Thesis (1999) and S. Cronenwett, Ph. D. Thesis (2001) are available on the marcuslab[page does not exist anymore] webpage. open dot regime Huibers et al., PRL83, 5090 (1999) pdf |
| nov 22 | quantum dots II: Open Dots (cont.) random matrix theory, spin-orbit coupling in semiconductors and quantum dots, weak antilocalization lecture notes pdf quantum dots III: Kondo Effect Kondo effect (metals, quantum dots), Kondo screening cloud, zero bias peak, logarithmic temperature dependence, even-odd structure lecture notes pdf Kondo effect Goldhaber-Gordon et al., Nature 391, 156 (1998) pdf Cronenwett et al., Science 281, 540 (1998) pdf |
| nov 29 | quantum dots IV: Few Electron Dots lateral / vertical few electron structures, circular symmetry: shell filling, Fock-Darwin states, Singlet-Triplet states, Singlet Triplet ground state transition, lecture notes pdf Few Electron Dots Tarucha et al., PRL77, 3613 (1996) pdf Ciorga et al., PRB61, 16315 (2000) pdf Kouwenhoven et al., Science 278, 1788 (1997) pdf Kouwenhoven, Austing & Tarucha, RPP 64, 701 (2002) pdf double quantum dots double quantum dots, honey comb stability diagrams, finite bias transport, anticrossings lecture notes pdf |
| dec 6 | presentations I 1. charge sensing, Simon Kemmerling 2. charge manipulation, Björn Niesen 3. singlet triplet states, Regis Müller 4. spin blockade, Christian Held |
| dec 12 wednesday, 8:15am | presentations II 5. spin relaxation I, Janne Hyötylä 6. spin relaxation II, Raphael Wagner 7. spin filtering, Raphael Gräter |
| dec 13 | presentations III 9. fast spin readout, Gregor Fessler 10. nuclear spins, Jerome Wiss 11. spin manipulation, Bahram Ganjipour 13. dynamic nuclear spin polarization, Kasper Renggli |
| dec 20 | presentations IV 8. single spin readout, Nikolas Minder 12. electron spin resonance, Adrian Renfer 14. EDSR, Sandro Erni |
Projects and Presentations, HS07
Presentations should be no longer than about 20 to 25 minutes, plus 5 to 10 minutes for questions.
Goal of the presentation is to explain to your fellow classmates the topic you have chosen
as clearly and as concisely as possible while keeping a critical attitude towards the reported research.
Topics with more than one article:
choose one article for in-depth presentation, mention highlights of other paper(s).
| topic | refs | presenter |
|---|---|---|
| 1. charge sensing | Field et al., PRL70, 1311 (1993) pdf Elzerman et al., PRB67, 161308R (2003) pdf DiCarlo et al., PRL92, 226801 (2004) pdf | Simon Kemmerling |
| 2. charge manipulation | Hayashi et al., PRL91, 226804 (2003) pdf Petta et al., PRL93, 186802 (2004) pdf | Björn Niesen |
| 3. singlet triplet states | Kyriakidis et al., PRB66, 35320 (2002) pdf Zumbuhl et al., PRL93, 256801 (2004) pdf[page does not exist anymore] | Regis Müller |
| 4. spin blockade | Ono et al., Science 297, 1313 (2002) pdf Johnson et al., PRB72, 165308 (2005) pdfhttps://zumbuhllab.unibas.ch/archive/teaching/HansonPRL91_196802.pdf | Christian Held |
| 5. spin relaxation I | Fujisawa et al., Nature 419, 278 (2002) pdf Hanson et al., PRL91, 196802 (2003) pdf | Janne Hyötylä |
| 6. spin relaxation II | Kroutvar et al., Nature 432, 81 (2004) pdf Amasha et al., arXiv:0707.1656 (2007) pdf[page does not exist anymore] | Raphael Wagner |
| 7. spin filtering | Potok et al., PRL89, 266602 (2002) pdf Folk et al., Science 299, 679 (2003) pdf Hanson et al., PRB70, 241304R (2004) pdf | Raphael Grüter |
| 8. single spin readout | Elzerman et al., Nature 430, 431 (2004) pdf Hanson et al., PRL94, 196802 (2005) pdf | Nikolas Minder |
| 9. fast spin readout | I. T. Vink et al., App. Phys. Lett. 91, 123512 (2007) pdf M. Thalakulam et al., arXiv:0708.0861 pdf[page does not exist anymore] D. Reilly et al., App. Phys. Lett. 91, 162101 (2007) pdf[page does not exist anymore] | Gregor Fessler |
| 10. nuclear spins | Johnson et al., Nature 435, 925 (2005) pdf Koppens et al., Science 309, 134 (2005) pdf | Jerome Wiss |
| 11. spin manipulation | Petta et al., Science 309, 2180 (2005) pdf | Bahram Ganjipour |
| 12. electron spin resonance (ESR) | Koppens et al., Nature 442, 766 (2006) pdf | Adrian Renfer |
| 13. dynamic nuclear polarization | Petta et al., arXiv:0709.0920 pdf | Kasper Renggli |
| 14. elec. dipole spin res. (EDSR) | Nowack et al., Science (Nov 1, 2007) pdf Laird et al, arXiv:0707.0557 pdf | Sandro Erni |
Literature
books
“Mesoscopic Electronics in Solid State Nanostructures”, Thomas Heinzel, Wiley-VCH (2003)
“Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems”, Supriyo Datta, Cambridge Universy Press (1995)
“The Physics of Low-Dimensional Semicond.”, John H. Davies, Cambridge University Press (1998)
review articles
“Quantum Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructures”, C. W. J. Beenakker and H. van Houten, published in Solid State Physics, 44, 1-228 (1991) (out of print, available at arXive:cond-mat/0412664) pdf
“Electron Transport in Quantum Dots”, L. P. Kouwenhoven, C. M. Marcus, P. L. McEuen, S. Tarucha, R. M. Westervelt and N. Wingreen, NATO ASI conference proceedings, edited by L. L. Sohn, L. P. Kouwenhoven and G. Schön (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997). pdf
“Coulomb Blockade Oscillations in Semiconductor Nanostructures”, H. van Houten, C. W. J. Beenakker and A. A. M. Staring, published in Single Charge Tunneling, edited by H. Grabert and M. H. Devoret, NATO ASI series B294 (Plenum, New York, 1992), (out of print, available at arXive:cond-mat/0508454). pdf
“Few-Electron Quantum Dots”, L. P. Kouwenhoven, D. G. Austing and S. Tarucha, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 701 (2001). pdf
“Recipes for Spin Based Quantum Computing”, V. Cerletti, W. A. Coish, O. Gywat and D. Loss, Nanotechnology 16, R27 (2005). pdf